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In this paper, we augment existing techniques for simulating
flexible objects to include models for crack initiation and
propagation in three-dimensional volumes. By analyzing the stress
tensors computed over a finite element model, the simulation
determines where cracks should initiate and in what directions they
should propagate. We demonstrate our results with animations of
breaking bowls, cracking walls, and objects that fracture when they
collide. By varying the shape of the objects, the material
properties, and the initial conditions of the simulations, we can
create strikingly different effects ranging from a wall that
shatters when it is hit by a wrecking ball to a bowl that breaks in
two when it is dropped on edge.
O'Brien, J. F., Hodgins, J. K., "Graphical Modeling and
Animation of Brittle Fracture." The proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH
99, Los Angeles, California, August 8-13, pp 137-146.
This paper received the SIGGRAPH 99 Impact award.
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